Child Development and Growth

	Child Growth and Development
Home	Child Growth and Development

		Development of child from birth through 6 years Physical development Motor development Social developmentt Emotional development Language development Cognitive development Individual differences in children Immunisation Schedule
		Physical development Increase in height and weight Changes in body proportion Development of bones Development of teeth Increase in height and weight An average Indian baby weights 21/2 kg at birth and is 17" to 19" long. During infancy the child grows at a very fast rate. By the time a baby is 5 months old his weight become double the birth weight. By the time a baby is 1 year old his weight three time the birth weight . The new born grows by 10-12 inches in the first year. By the times an infant is 2 years old, he is almost half as tall as he would be when he becomes an adult. After the first 2 years the growth slows down. The child will now gain 2-3 inches in height and about 21/2 kg every year. Changes in body proportion In a new born baby the head is bigger compare to the rest of the body. The head grows slowly while the rest of the body parts grow at a faster rate. By the child is thirteen months old, his head and body look more adult like in proportion. Development of bones The bones become longer and harder as the child grows. The bone become harder because of the deposit of calcium in the bones. Development of teeth At the age of 7-8 months the teeth of child start coming out. The baby first cuts the two lower front teeth. The upper front teeth come out next. By the time a child is 21/2 years he has 20 teeth. These are baby teeth. By the end of early childhood these baby teeth start falling and are replaced by permanent teeth. Top

		Motor development At birth, the child is completely helpless. However, gradually he is able to gain control over his body movements. He develops greater strength, coordination, speed and skill in the use of his arms, legs and body muscles. This is referred to as motor development. It is the result of motor development that the child acquires the ability to use his body in a coordinated manner for performing various activities. At the approximate ages at which the child gains control over muscles in different parts of the body, and the abilities that he develops as a result of it. Controlling the head It is only by 1 month, that the baby can raise his head in a prone position, that is, when lying on his stomach. Rolling Babies can roll from side to back at 2-3 months. A six months old baby is able to roll over completely. Sitting Usually an infant can sit up with support by 4-5 months. By 6-7 months, he normally is able to sit independently, without support. By 9 months of age they can also pull themselves up to a sitting position if they are lying in the bed. Grasping A baby can reach for object by 6-7 months of age. He can pick up small objects by one year. Crawling and Creeping Infants start moving on their hands and feet between 8-10 months. Standing and Walking By 8 months, an infant can stand with support. Babies can pull themselves to a standing position of about 9-10 months. By 11 months, babies are able to stand without support. Babies start walking with support around 11-12 months. They start walking without support at 12-14 months. Climbing Stairs At the age of 13-14 months, the child uses his hands and knees to climb up the stairs. At 18 months he can climb up and come down the stairs without any help. At four years he can walk down the stairs by putting only one foot on each step. Running and Jumping A two year old child can run, balance on his toes and jump up with both the feet. At three years he can stand on one foot for a very short time. By five years the child can skip on both feet. Self Dressing A child learns to take off his clothes at an earlier age than he does to put them on. By the age of 5 years, the child usually manages to dress by himself. By the age of 6 years he learns to tie his shoe laces . Factors Influencing Motor Development A child learns simple things first The child learns to do simple things first and more difficult things later. Motor development is affected by practice The motor development of a child is affected by the amount of practice he gets in doing these activities. At three years a child can not cut paper with the help of scissors. But by five years he can do so. However, if you will not allow him to use scissors, he will not be able to cut properly even when he is five years old. Eye-hand co-ordination comes as the child grows As a child grows older he learns to co-ordinate the movement of his eyes with the movement of his hands. Once he is able to do this, he can do some difficult activities also. Handedness Handedness means using one hand to do most of the things. Most of us write with our right hand. Thus, we say that we are right handed. There are some people who use their left hand to write, eat and do work. They are called left handers. A small baby, till he is six-months old can use both his hands to do work. By the time he is two years old, he starts using one hand more often than the other, to do his work . This decides his handedness. If a child prefers to use his left hand, we should never force him to change his habit, as this can affect the development of his brain. Top
		Social development As a child grows up he learns to behave in a manner which his society feels is proper. He learns to be friends with other children, he learns talk to other people and not do things which the others feel are wrong. Social Development During Infancy At birth At birth, the baby has no interest in people. At 2-3 months By 2-3 months of age, infants start distinguishing people from non-living objects. At 3-4 months By 3-4 months old infant, baby will respond to your talking and smiling with a smile. At 6-7 months By about 6-7 months, babies react differently to smiling and scolding. Now they can distinguish between friendly and angry voices. At 8-9 months By the age of 8-9 months, the infant attempts to imitate the speech, gestures and simple acts of others. By end of infancy By the end of infancy, a child is able to follow simple instructions, help in routine activities like dressing and eating and can indicate when he has to go to toilet. Social Development During Pre-School Years Getting along with people outside home 2-3 year olds play by themselves. 4 onwards play in groups. Bonds with peers in addition to family members Some Important Factors To Remember About Social Development Children learn by imitating adults The child develops socially by rewards and punishments Parents must be constant Too many do's and don'ts make the child dependent Parents must love and guide the children Parents are socializing agents Peers are also agents of socialization Nursery school teaches children to share and play with others Teachers as socializing agent. Top

		Emotional development Emotional development means gaining control over one's emotions and learning to express them in socially approved ways. At birth-general excitement 3 months-delight and distress Six month old baby develops emotions of fear and anger. One year old child develops the emotion of love At eighteen months he develops feelings of jealousy. Top

		Language development Language is a form of communication in which words are used to pass information to other people. Crying Babbling One year old babies use words The first sentences At the three years a child can make sentences Baby language Individual differences in language development Bilinguism. Top
		Cognitive development The development in the way a child thinks, reasons and solves problems is known as cognitive development From birth to 2 years Object Permanence From 2 to 7 years (Early Childhood) Believes that non-living things have human qualities Cannot understand another's point of view. Top
		Individual Differences In Children The fact is that the pattern and sequence of development is the same for all. However, each child is absolutely different from the other. Some children are quick to learn things and some are very slow. Some are active while others are not. Do you know, individual differences in children result from the fact that the hereditary potential, the environmental stimulation and the interaction is unique for every child. Top