Latin name: Santalum album
English name: White sandalwood tree
Sanskrit/Indian name: Chandana

A small to medium-sized, evergreen semi-parasitic tree, with slender branches, valued for its heartwood.
Both the wood and the oil have long been employed in medicine. The main constituent of sandalwood oil is santalol. It is credited with cooling, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant properties, and sandalwood finds several applications in household remedies.

Used in Abana, EveCare, Anti-Dandruff Hair Cleanser, Anti-Wrinkle Cream, Nourishing Hair Cleanser with Conditioner.
 
 

Latin name: Sapindus mukorossi
English name: Soapnut-tree of North India
Sanskrit / Indian names: Phenila, Arishta
 

A deciduous tree cultivated for its saponaceous fruits.
The fruit is valued for the saponins (10.1 %) present in the pericarp which constitutes up to 56.5 per cent of the drupe.

The fruits are credited with expectorant and emetic properties and are used in the treatment of excessive salivation, epilepsy and chlorosis. They are also reported to act as a fish-poison. The powdered seeds are said to possess insecticidal properties. They are employed in the treatment of dental caries.

Used in Deep Cleansing Lotion, Nourishing Hair Cleanser with Conditioner, Protein Rich Hair Cleanser.
 
 

Latin name: Sapindus trifoliatus
English names: Soapnut-tree of South India
Sanskrit / Indian names: Arishta, Phenila
 

A medium-sized to large, deciduous tree. 
The saponins A and C and sapindosids A and B extracted from the rind of the fruit showed antifungal activity. The pericarp contains two new triterpenoid saponins, emarginatoside-B and emarginatoside-C. The fruits possess emetic, tonic, astringent and anthelmintic properties and are used in the treatment of asthma, colic due to indigestion, diarrhea, cholera, tubercular glands, paralysis of the limbs and lumbago. The roots and bark are employed as a mild expectorant and demulcent.

Used in Revitalising Hair Nutrient.
 
 

Latin name: Saraca asoca
English name: Ashoka tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Ashoka
 

Saraca asoca is a small evergreen tree. Its principle constituents are a steroidal component and a calcium salt. The bark has a stimulating effect on the endometrium and ovarian tissue, is useful in menorrhagia due to uterine fibroids, in leucorrhea and in internal bleeding, where ergot is indicated.
It is well established for its effectiveness in menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. It also has a stimulatory effect on the ovarian tissue and may produce an oestrogen-like effect that enhances the repair of the endometrium and stops bleeding.

Used in EveCare, MenstriCare (Menstrim). 

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Latin name: Saussurea lappa
English name: Costus
Sanskrit / Indian name: Kushtha
 

An erect robust perennial herb, the dried roots of which constitute the drug.
The roots contain resinoids, essential oil, alkaloid, inulin, a fixed oil and other minor constituents like tannins and sugars. The essential oil of the roots has strong antiseptic and disinfectant properties. An alcoholic extract of the herb has been found very useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Used in Septilin, Anti-Wrinkle Cream, Muscle & Joint Rub.
 
 

Sanskrit / Indian Name: Shankha bhasma
English Name: Conch shell calx
 

It is powder prepared from the calcinated conch shell of Turbine pyre. It mainly consists of calcium, iron and magnesium. It is well known for its antacid and digestive properties. It is useful in hyperchlorhydria, sprue, colic, and hepato- splenomegaly.

Used in Abana (HeartCare).
 
 

Sanskrit / Indian name: Shilajeet
English name: Mineral pitch
 

It has astringent and anti-inflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of painful, bleeding piles and varicose veins. It has anti-stress, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic and nootropic activity.

Used in Abana (HeartCare), Cystone (UriCare), Diabecon (GlucoCare) , Geriforte (StressCare), Pilex (VeinCare).
 
 

Sanskrit / Indian name: Shingraf, Hingula
English name: Cinnabar
Chemically: Red sulphide of Mercury
 

This sulfide occurs in nature as a fine grained, dark-red, very heavy mineral ore of mercury called Cinnabar in many parts of the world. This substance, except for slight impurities, which it may contain, has the same chemical composition as "Makaradhvaja". In Ayurvedic practice, however, ‘Hingula’ and ‘Makaradhvaja’ are claimed to possess entirely different properties. Not only is it considered different from ‘Makaradhvaja’ (the prepared red sulphide of mercury), but it is also believed to be different from the other sulphides of mercury like ‘Kajjali’ and ‘Krishnaparpati’ (both of which are black sulphides of mercury) and ‘Rasa-sindhura’ (red sulphide of mercury).

Shuddha Hingula (Purified Cinnabar) is prepared by grinding cinnabar with goat’s milk for over 6 hours, followed by grinding this mixture with Lime juice for one hour.This process is repeated 7 times till a fine powder is obtained.
The small doses of mercury diminish the amount of oxidation of the tissues, as evidenced by the variations in the gaseous interchange. The administration of small doses of mercury to rabbits, dogs and men causes an increase in the number of red blood corpuscles while the body gains in weight and the general nutrition is improved.

Mercury is tonic, alterative, purgative, indirect cholagogue, antiphlogistic, antiseptic and sialagogue. In small doses it acts as a blood tonic by increasing the number of red blood corpuscles and thus in syphilis it counteracts the effects of toxins in the blood. In large doses it impoverishes the blood and lessens its coagulability and therefore it should not be used in hemorrhagic diathesis and cases of repeated attacks of menorrhagia.

Red sulphide of mercury is extremely efficacious in liver complaints, such as commencing cirrhosis of the liver, dyspepsia, chronic dysentery and similar and other allied diseases, such as chronic diarrhea.

Used in Diabecon.
 
 

Latin name: Shorea robusta
English name: Sal tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Shala
 

A large sub-deciduous tree, which on tapping yields an oleoresin, which contains triterpenoids, the derivatives of ursonic and oleanane and a new triterpene acid. 
The resin is used in the indigenous systems of medicine as an astringent and detergent and is given in diarrhea and dysentery. It is also used as an ingredient of ointments for skin diseases and in ear troubles.

Used in Diarex.
 
 

Latin name: Sida cardifolia
English name: Country mallow
Sanskrit / Indian name: Bala, Vatya

Its principle constituent is Ephedrine which is one of the alkaloids reported to be present. It contains phytosterol and potassium nitrate. It is used traditionally in cases of spermatorrhea, polyurea, leucorrhea and certain nervine disorders such as monoplegia, sciatica, palsy, etc.

Used in Tentex forte, Menotab. 

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Latin name: Solanum nigrum
English name: Black nightshade
Sanskrit / Indian name: Kakamachi

Solanum nigrum is a suffrutescent weed. Its principle constituents are a- and b- solamargine and solasonine. The plant is effective in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver and is also credited with emollient, diuretic, antiseptic and laxative properties.

It has a protective effect on the liver and has shown hepatoprotective activity in cases of toxicity induced by drugs and chemicals.

Used in Geriforte (StressCare), Liv.52 (LiverCare). 

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Latin name: Solanum virginianum (S. xanthocarpum, S. surattense)
English name: Yellow berried nightshade
Sanskrit/Indian name: Kantakari
 

A very spiny diffuse herb with blue flowers and yellow, globose berries.

Solasonine is present in the fruits. The plant is employed for cough, asthma and pains in the chest. The plant is also credited with diuretic properties and is used to cure dropsy.

Used in Koflet.
 
 

Latin name: Solanum xanthocarpum
English name: Yellow berried nightshade
Sanskrit/Indian name: Kantakari
 

A very spiny diffuse herb with blue flowers and yellow, globose berries.

Solasonine is present in fruits. The plant is employed in cough, asthma and pains in chest. The plant is also credited with diuretic properties and is used to cure dropsy.

Used in Koflet.
 
 

Latin name: Sphaeranthus indicus
English name: East Indian globe thistle
Sanskrit/Indian name: Mundi.
 

An aromatic herb, with purple flower heads.
Flowers are credited with alterative, depurative, and tonic properties. 
The flowers contain albumins, a semi-drying fatty oil, reducing sugars, tannins, mineral matter, a volatile oil, and a glucoside.

Used in Diabecon, Geriforte.
 
 

Latin name: Squalus carchorius 
English name: Shark liver
Sanskrit / Indian name: 
 

Shark liver oil is the oil obtained from fresh or carefully preserved liver of various species of shark. Shark liver oil is a rich source of Vitamin A. It is used in burn and sun burn ointments. It is an emollient and protectant classified in the FDA.

Used in Himcolin Cream.
 
 

Latin name: Strychnos nux vomica
English name: Nux-vomica
Sanskrit / Indian name: Shuddha vishamushti

An evergreen or deciduous tree with coin like seeds that contain the strongly toxic alkaloids strychnine and brucine.
In indigenous medicine, it is used as a tonic, stimulant and febrifuge and its preparations are prescribed for nervous disorders.

Used in Tentex forte.
 
 

Sanskrit / Indian Name: Suvarnavanga
English name: Mosiac gold
 

It is an unsublimed tin preparation having a golden luster and flaky texture. It is useful in complaints of the reproductive organs. It is indicated as a rejuvenator and a tonic of high potency which induces health, vigor, improves appetite, increases memory, generates semen of high quality, cures gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, and leukorrhea.

Suvarnavanga has been used as an aphrodisiac, brain tonic, antiemetic and in skin diseases, night sweats, diseases caused by the derangement of ‘vata’ and ‘kapha’. It improves the complexion. It also has anthelmintic property in addition to the above mentioned uses.

Used in Speman.
 
 

Sanskrit name: Svarnamakshika bhasma
English name: Chalcopyrites calx
 

It is prepared from chalcopyrites, the main ore of copper. It contains copper, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium. It is a tonic, alternative and useful in rheumatism, gonorrhea, heart disease, anemia, leukorrhea, eye diseases, etc.

Used in Rumalaya.
 
 

Latin name: Swertia chirayita
English name: Chiretta
Sanskrit / Indian name: Kirata
 

An erect annual with a four angled stem.
Chiretta is reported to contain a yellow bitter acid, ophelic acid, two bitter glucosides, chiratin and amarogentin, gentiopicrin, two yellow crystalline phenols and a new xanthone, swerchirin. lt is particularly useful as a tonic or mild febrifuge. In Indian medicine, chiretta is prescribed in a variety of forms and combinations in chronic fevers and anemia. It is credited with tonic, febrifuge, laxative, stomachic, anthelmintic, and anti-diarrheal properties. It also exhibits hypoglycemic activity.

Used in Diabecon.

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Latin name: Symplocos racemosa
English name: Lodh tree
Sanskrit / Indian name: Jambu, Lodhra

Its principle constituents are the three alkaloids, viz. loturine, loturidine and colloturine. The astringent bark is given for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and liver complaints. It is recommended in the treatment of menorrhagia and other uterine disorders. 

Used in Diarex, EveCare, Anti-Wrinkle Cream.

Click here to view the detailed herbal Monograph .
 
 

Latin name: Syzygium aromaticum
English name: Clove
Sanskrit / Indian name: Lavanga
 

A pyramidal or conical evergreen tree with gland dotted leaves cultivated mainly for the flower buds (cloves).
The clove bud oil contains free eugenol, eugenol acetate and caryophyllene as its main constituents. The cloves are aromatic, stimulant and carminative. They are used in various forms of gastric irritation and dyspepsia. They are administered to relieve nausea and vomiting, to correct flatulence and to excite languid digestion. The oil is used as a local analgesic for hypersensitive dentines and carious cavities; a mixture of oil and zinc calx is used as a temporary filling for tooth-cavities. Used externally, the oil is rubefacient and counter-irritant; internally, it is carminative and antispasmodic.

Used in Mentat, Himcolin, Geriforte, Cough Syrup, Daily Health Capsules.
 
 

Latin name: Syzygium cumini (Eugenia jambolana)
English name: Black plum
Sanskrit / Indian name: Jambu

It is a large, evergreen tree. Its seeds have b-sitosterols, its fruits contain citric, malic and gallic acids. Its fruit, powdered seed-kernel and its aqueous extract have all been shown to lower the level of blood sugar in diabetes mellitus. It diminishes the level of sugar in the urine and allays the unquenchable thirst typical in diabetes. The bark and leaf are used in diarrhea.

Used in Diabecon (GlucoCare). 

Click here to view the detailed herbal Monograph .