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( - Information : Article 1ai - )

Authors

* Authors on the Nature paper are Dr. Chryssa Kouveliotou of the Universities Space Research Association, Dr. Jan van Paradijs and Dr. Stefan Dieters of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Dr. Tod Strohmayer of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Dr. Gerald Fishman and Dr. Charles Meegan, both of Marshall Space Flight Center, Dr. Kevin Hurley of the University of California at Berkeley, and Dr. Jeff Kommers of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dr. Ian Smith of Rice University, Dr. Dale Frail of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and Dr. Toshio Murakami of Japan's Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences.

4) Astronomers Find First Observational Evidence For "Hypernova" Explosion

5) Atoms, Stars, and Nebulae: Third Edition by Lawrence H. Aller ; Cambridge University Press

6) Astronomers Find Nest Of Massive Supernovae In "Starburst Galaxy"
For information and an image of 1999am, go to the following web site: http://huey.jpl.nasa.gov/~spravdo/snanima.htm
For more information on the NEAT project go to http://huey.jpl.nasa.gov/~spravdo/neat.html
Information on SkyMorph is available at the following web site: http://skys.gsfc.nasa.gov/skymorph/skymorph.html
Dr. Thomas McGlynn is lead scientist for SkyMorph at Goddard. The NEAT and SkyMorph projects are managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.
JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.

7) Is the 2-in-1 burster a masquerade?

8) Now you see it - now you don't: Near the center of our galaxy, an X-ray source gobbles up part of companion star

9) Hubble Space Telescope Image Of Shock Wave's Collision With Glowing Gas Ring Sheds New Light On Fading Supernova
In addition to Chu, collaborators on the project included astronomer John Dickel, visiting researcher Adeline Caulet, and graduate students Sean Points and Rosa Williams (all at the U. of I.); astronomer Margarita Rosado and graduate student Lorena Arias-Montano at the Universidad Nacionale Autonoma de Mexico; astronomer Annie Laval and graduate student Patricia Ambrocio-Cruz at the Marseille Observatory; and astronomer Dominik Bomans at the University of Bochum in Germany^a.

10) Hypernovae in M101 - The original news release can be found at http://nuinfo.nwu.edu/univ-relations/media/news-releases/*scimed/hypernova-scimed.html
New Scientist, 10 April 1999

11) Shockwave!

11a) Diamond ring surrounds Crab Pulsar NASA NEWS RELEASE Posted: September 28, 1999

12) The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency.

13) The original news release can be found at http://www.admin.uiuc.edu/NB/99.02/supernovatip.html

14) Magellanic Cloud: Knots Of Evaporating Gas In Supernova Remnant Support Theory

15) Most Powerful Explosion Since The Big Bang Challenges Gamma Ray Burst Theories
The Whole Earth Telescope is a program of the International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IITAP). IITAP is collaboration between Iowa State University and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Jan. 20, 1999

16) Hubble Images May Shed Light On Importance Of Novae In Galactic Evolution
The international research team which planned and analyzed these observations included Chick Woodward and Kunegunda Belle of the University of Wyoming, Nye Evans and Stuart Eyres of the University of Kaele in England, Robert Gehrz and Michael Schuster of the University of Minnesota, Matthew Greenhouse of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Joachim Krautter of the State Observatory and University of Heidelberg in Germany, Sumner Starrfield of Arizona State University, and James Truran of the University of Chicago.
The work was supported by NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute.
EDITORS: False color gif images can be obtained over the internet at http://wapiti.uwyo.edu/hst-nova on June 3, 1999 at 9:20 a.m. CDT.
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://clasdean.la.asu.edu/news/nova.htm

17) NASA's Asteroid Hunters Net A Surprise Catch

18) One Star's Loss Is Another's Gain:  Hubble Space Telescope Captures Brief Moment In Life Of Lively Duo
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) for NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.  The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).

19) Whole Earth Telescope Trains Its Sights On Two Strange Star Systems
The Whole Earth Telescope is a program of the International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IITAP). IITAP is collaboration between Iowa State University and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

20) 'MAGNETARS', SOFT GAMMA REPEATERS & VERY STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS (a web page by Robert C. Duncan, University of Texas at Austin)

21) Cataclysmic Variables & Related Objects by Dr. Robert C. Smith, Dr. Carole Haswell Rob Hynes (CAH, 3), Dan Rolfe (CAH, 2) (Website: http://star-www.cpes.susx.ac.uk/groups/cv.html )

22) Universe's largest explosions may come from the death of massive stars - September 29, 1999
G21.5-0.9
Images of the GRB 971214 field
Information on the BeppoSAX spacecraft
Information on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Information on Gamma Ray Bursts
NGC3132 | M 57 (The Ring Nebula) |

• Marcos Montes:
  This is the most complete list of SN links of all types, including Marcos' own research.
  http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7212/montes/
• Kurt Weiler:
  This contains most of the studies of supernovae and supernova remnants done at radio wavelengths.
  http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7214/weiler/
• Brian Schmidt:
  A "down under" SN-web page which, among other things, contains a very nice tutorial on SNe.
  http://msowww.anu.edu.au/~brian
• The following two web pages corresponds to the two major searches for supernovae at high redshifts, done to study the expansion and the properties of the Universe at high z.
  • SN Cosmology Group http://panisse.lbl.gov:80/public
  • High-Z SN Search http://oir-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/supernova/HighZ.html

23a) EDITOR'S NOTE: Images to support this story are available on the web at: FTP://PAO.GSFC.NASA.GOV/newsmedia/HEAD/NBH

23b) HUBBLE SURVEYS THE "HOMES" OF QUASARS
Co-investigator: Joel Vernet (European Southern Observatory)

23c) Aussies First To See Likely Black Hole Birth
For more information:
Professor Ron Ekers, Director, CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility, Tel: (02) 9372 4301 (BH), (02) 9869 8656 email: director@atnf.csiro.au
Dr Chris Tinney, Anglo-Australian Observatory, Tel: (02) 9211 7013 up to 12 midday Fri 8 May email: cgt@aaoepp.aao.gov.au
Dr Brian Boyle, Director, Anglo-Australian Observatory, Tel: (02) 9372 4811 (BH) email: director@aaoepp.aao.gov.au
Dr Elaine Sadler, University of Sydney Tel: (02) 9351 2622 (BH), (02) 9922 6368 (AH) email: ems@physics.usyd.edu.au
Dr Dale Frail, US National Radio Observatory, 1-505-835 7338 (bh), 1-505 835 9115(ah) email:dfrail@nrao.edu
An electronic picture is available at http://www.csiro.au/news/blackhole.html
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/pressrel/1999/99-051.txt

23d) STIS RECORDS A BLACK HOLE'S SIGNATURE
Credit: Gary Bower, Richard Green (NOAO), the STIS Instrument Definition Team, and NASA

23e) Black Holes Dominate Universal Energy Output - Sepetmber 10, 1999
The X-ray Astronomy 1999 meeting in Bologna is sponsored by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, the University of Bologna, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Tecnologie e Studio delle Radiazioni Extraterrestri.
The meeting will feature the first science results from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Also scheduled are presentations on black holes, neutron stars, pulsars, Active Galactic Nuclei, X-ray background radiation, and X-ray astronomy theory.

23f) When Black Holes Collide By Uwe Seidenfaden September 1, 1999

23g) Sol's Motion Around Milky Way Detected - June 30, 1999

23h) Radio astronomers get best glimpse yet of black hole jet

23i) Hubble Finds A Bare Black Hole Pouring Out Light

23j) Researchers May Soon View Shadow of Elusive Black Hole By Robert Roy Britt Senior Science Writer
posted: 09:17 am EST 15 December 1999

24a) Faintest Methane Brown Dwarf Discovered with the NTT and VLT - ESO Press Release 14/99 ; 18 August 1999
A research article about these new results (Discovery of a faint Field Methane Brown Dwarf from ES0 NTT and VLT observations), will appear in the European journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. [1] The team consists of Jean Gabriel Cuby, Alan Moorwood, Sandro D'Odorico, Chris Lidman, Fernando Comeron, Jason Spyromilio (ESO) and Paolo Saracco (Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Milan, Italy).

[2] A more nearby, hotter brown dwarf, KELU-1, was found at La Silla in 1997 at a distance of 33 light-years, cf. ESO Press Release 07/97.

31a) Colliding Galaxies Trigger Stellar Births, Astronomers Say

31b) A Butterfly-Shaped "Papillon" Nebula Yields Secrets of Massive Star Birth
The Hubble observations of the Papillon nebula were conducted by the European astronomers Mohammad Heydari-Malayeri (Paris Observatory, France) and co-investigators Michael Rosa (Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility, European Southern Observatory, Germany), Vassilis Charmandaris (Paris Observatory), Lise Deharveng (Marseille Observatory, France), and Hans Zinnecker (Astrophysical Institute, Potsdam, Germany).
Their work is submitted for publication in the European journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Credit: M. Heydari-Malayeri (Paris Observatory) and NASA/ESA

31c) Gap In Stellar Dust Disk May Be Swept Out By Planet

- From Neutrino Emissions
41a) A MASSIVE DISCOVERY: The weight of neutrinos offers clues to stars, galaxies and everything --W. Wayt Gibbs in San Francisco

41b) Scientists Discover That Neutrinos Have Mass

42a) From Cosmic Waves: The announcement was made June 4 at "Neutrino '98", an international physics conference underway in Takayama, Japan

43a) Cosmic Ray History Encoded In Abundances Of Light Elements

43b) Cosmic Rays at the Energy Frontier These particles carry more energy than any others in the universe. Their origin is unknown but may be relatively nearby by James W. Cronin, Thomas K. Gaisser and Simon P. Swordy
The Authors
JAMES W. CRONIN, THOMAS K. GAISSER and SIMON P. SWORDY work on both the theoretical questions of how cosmic rays are created and the practical problems inherent in detecting and analyzing them. Cronin, a professor of physics at the University of Chicago since 1971, earned his master's degree from the university in 1953 and his doctorate in 1955. In 1980 he shared the Nobel Prize with Val L. Fitch for work on symmetry violations in the decay of mesons. Gaisser, a professor of physics at the University of Delaware, has concentrated on the interpretation of atmospheric cosmic-ray cascades; he earned his doctorate from Brown University in 1967. In 1995 Gaisser spent two months in Antarctica setting up cosmic-ray detectors. Swordy, an associate professor at Chicago, has been active in cosmic-ray measurement since 1976. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Bristol in 1979.

44a) Cosmic Rays Could Destroy--And Create--Life NEW YORK, N.Y., and HAIFA, Israel, July 9, 1998 --
The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology is the country's premier scientific and technological center for applied research and education. It commands a worldwide reputation for its pioneering work in communications, electronics, computer science, biotechnology, water-resource management, materials engineering, aerospace and medicine, among others. The majority of Israel's engineers are Technion graduates, as are most of the founders and managers of its high-tech industries. The university's 11,000 students and 700 faculty study and work in the Technion's 19 faculties and 30 research centers and institutes in Haifa.
The American Technion Society (ATS) is the university's support organization in the United States. Based in New York City, it is the leading American organization supporting higher education in Israel. The ATS has raised $650 million since its inception in 1940, half of that during the last six years. Technion societies are located in 24 countries around the world.

44b) CRASH AND BURN : Radio "eyes" witness the mass births and deaths of stars by Corey S. Powell

44c) Speeding Stars On Galaxy's Edge Can Now Be Tracked By Radio Telescopes With A Twinkle In Their Eye, Cornell Astronomer Says

45a) Dead star send us high-speed debris By Marcus Chown From New Scientist, 10 May 1997

46a) Researchers Investigate Mysteries Of Highest-Energy Cosmic-Rays Known
Further Reading
Introduction to Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics. Pierre Sokolsky. Addison-Wesley, 1988.
Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics. Thomas K. Gaisser. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
High Energy Astrophysics, Vol. 1. Second edition. Malcolm S. Longair. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Cosmic Ray Observations below 10¹⁴ eV. Simon Swordy in Proceedings of the XXIII International Cosmic Ray Conference. Edited by D. A. Leahy, R. B. Hicks and D. Venkatesan. World Scientific, 1994.

46b) "Big Bang 2" Linked By UCSD Astrophysicists To The Birth Of A Supermassive Black Hole
Color pictures available on the WWW at: http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/groups/tastro/movies/spm/

46c) BRIGHT LIGHTS, BIG MYSTERY - The brightest flash ever seen may have revealed exotic celestial objects ; --George Musser

46d) Tremendous Gamma-Ray Flare Blasts Earth
Editor's Note: Additional information on magnetars or the Aug. 27 event is available on the internet at:
http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM
http://www.magnetars.com/

46e) X-ray Jets Shown In Nearby Galaxy posted: 02:37 pm EST 25 October 1999

46f) Black Hole Found Near Earth Black Hole Found Near Earth By PAUL RECER AP Science Writer= ATLANTA (AP) 04:58 PM ET 01/14/00

47a) Heavenly Heavyweight
Image: Don F. Figer, UCLA and NASA
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://appl003.ocs.lsu.edu/unv002.nsf/8c84e04d068ce275862564920058523e/4927288b608e1148862566db00783
Images of the GRB 971214 field are available at: FTP://PAO.GSFC.NASA.GOV/newsmedia/GRB/
Information on the BeppoSAX spacecraft is available at: http://www.sdc.asi.it/
Information on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is available at: http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cossc/descriptions/cgro.html
Information on Gamma Ray Bursts is available at: http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cossc/nasm/VU/overview/bursts/bursts.html

48a) Hubble Identifies What May Be The Most Luminous Star Known
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), for NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.  The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency.
EDITOR's NOTE:   A photo and caption are available via the World Wide Web at: http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/97/33.html and via links in http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html or http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html . 
Images are available via the World Wide Web at: http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif/pistol.gif (GIF), http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/pistol.jpg (JPEG).
Image files also may be accessed via anonymous ftp from: oposite.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:  gif/pistol.gif (GIF) and jpeg/pistol.jpg (JPEG). 
Higher resolution digital versions (300 dpi JPEG) of the release photograph are available in: /pubinfo/hrtemp: 97-33.jpg (color) and 97-33bw.jpg (black & white).  A full resolution TIFF image is available in: /pubinfo/tiff/1997/33.tif.

51a) MIT Researchers Help Fill In "Missing Link" In The Evolution Of Stars
MIT graduate student Michael Muno is working with Morgan and Chakrabarty to determine if our viewing geometry could play a role. Many other aspects of this puzzlinbg source are being studied as well. MIT research scientist Wei Cui, along with Morgan and Lev Titarchuk of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, has written a paper reporting an unexpected phase delay of the low-energy X-ray pulses with respect to the high-energy pulses that may provide an important clue about the environment near the pulsar.
In addition to Bradt, Cui, Morgan and Muno, the RXTE instrument team at MIT includes principal research scientists Alan M. Levine and Ronald Remillard; graduate students Robert Shirey, Donald Smith, Linqing Wen; programmer Douglas Alan; data aides Joan Quigley and Alan Wood; project manager William F. Mayer, associate director of the Center for Space
Research; and project engineer Robert F. Goeke.

51b) Astronomers Discover "Middleweight" Black Holes

51c) Gamma Ray Burst Imaged For First Time
For general information about the burst phenomena, see http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast27jan99_1.htm.
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/pressrel/1999/99-008.txt

51d) Gamma-Ray Bursts by Gerald J. Fishman and Dieter H. Hartmann

51e) Blasts From the Past: High-Redshift Burst is the Latest Piece in 30-year Trail of Discovery May 6, 1998:

51f) And Then There Were Four September 19, 1997

51g) Gamma-ray Bursters cross the 'Line of Death' - Fireballs and gamma-ray bursts are not the same thing
October 13, 1998:

51h) Astrophysicists puzzle over intergalactic coincidence - Gamma-ray burst and supernova may have no relation

51i) Gamma-Ray Burst Found to be Most Energetic Event in Universe

52a) Nearby Massive Star Cluster Yields Insights Into Early Universe
The Hubble observations of N81 were conducted by the European astronomers Mohammad Heydari-Malayeri (Paris Observatory, France) and co-investigators Michael Rosa (Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility, European Southern Observatory, Germany), Hans Zinnecker (Astrophysics Institute, Potsdam, Germany), Lise Deharveng (Marseille Observatory, France), and Vassilis Charmandaris (Paris Observatory).
Their work will be shortly submitted for publication in the European journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

52b) Supernova Jives To The Jetsons - Space Daily, November 15, 1999
Supernovae Research Group
Supernova Links

53a) Simulation Reveals Very First Stars That Formed In The Universe
The adaptive mesh refinement code was developed by Greg Bryan at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Tom Abel, at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching, Germany, developed the nonequilibrium chemical model of the primordial gas.
Funding for the project came from NASA and the National Science Foundation.

53b) Single Hubble Picture Captures Key Phases In The Stellar Life Cycle
Eva Grebel, a Hubble postdoctoral fellow in the UW astronomy department., and her colleagues, Wolfgang Brandner of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and You-Hua Chu of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, presented the image at the centennial meeting of the American Astronomical Society.
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://www.cac.washington.edu/newsroom/news/1999archive/06-99archive/k060199a.html

53c) HERE COME THE SUNS --George Musser

53d) When Stars Cause Indigestion by Marcus Chown New Scientist; - November 12, 1999

53e) Eaten By A G-type Star ; Science Daily - August 12, 1999

54a) Robotic Telescope Sheds Light On Cosmic Microwave Background
Note: Visit a special web site on the sky-mapping project at: http://www.astronomy.swarthmore.edu/
The team of astronomers collaborating on the two-year mapping project includes John Gaustad of Swarthmore College, Peter McCullough of the University of Illinois, Wayne Rosing of Las Cumbres Observatory in California, and Dave Van Buren of Caltech.

55a) Cold Dust In Hot Gas Of Ancient Galaxies
Collaborators in the study included Jesse D. Bregman of NASA and Pasquale Temi of the NASA Ames Research Center. Funding for the study was provided by NASA.

61a) Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 111 : 532-535, 1999 May c.1999 ; White Dwarfs in Cataclysmic Variables, by E. M. Sion

71a) RADIO-QUIET X-RAY PULSARS IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND THE "MISSING" PULSAR PROBLEM
E. V. Gotthelf (Columbia University)

Relevant Papers

All the papers below refer to the missing pulsar problem in some way or another.

Also, see adjacent poster on the central sources in SNRs Kes 73 (#41.02) and RCW 103 (#41.03).

THIS WORK:

71b) "Radio-quiet X-ray pulsars in Supernova Remnants and the "Missing" Pulsar," Gotthelf, E. V. 1998, in "Workshop on Neutron Star/Supernova Remnant Connection", Memorie della Societa' Astronomica Italiana, also available via astro-ph/9809139; also ApJ 1999, in prep.

AXP J1844-0258: THE LATEST ANOMALOUS X-RAY PULSAR:

71c) "Discovery of a 7 Second Anomalous X-ray Pulsar in the Distant Milky Way," Gotthelf, E. V. & Vasisht, G. 1998, New Astronomy, 3, 293

AXP 1E 1841-045: DISCOVERY OF A MAGNETAR:

71d) "The Discovery of an Anomalous X-ray Pulsar in the Supernova Remnant Kes 73," Vasisht, G. & Gotthelf, E. V. 1997, ApJ, 486, L129

71e) "Kes 73: A Young Supernova Remnant with an X-ray Bright, Radio-Quiet Central Source, " Gotthelf, E. V. & Vasisht, G. 1997, ApJ, 486, L133

RCW 103, ITS CENTRAL X-RAY SOURCE, AND NEARBY PULSAR:

72a) "X-ray variability of the central source on RCW 103," Petre, R. & Gotthelf, E. V. 1998, in "Workshop on Neutron Star/Supernova Remnant Connection", Memorie della Societa' Astronomica Italiana; and ApJ 1999, in press.
72b) "Discovery of a 69 millisecond X-ray Pulsar: A compact source in the Vicinity of the Supernova Remnant RCW 103," Torii, K, Kinugsa, K., Toneri, T., Asanuma, T., Tsunemi, H., Dotani, T., Mitsuda, K., Gotthelf E. V. & Petre, R. 1998, ApJ, 494, L207
72c) "The Nature of the Radio-Quiet Compact X-ray Source in SNR RCW 103, " Gotthelf, E. V., Petre R. & Hwang U. 1997, ApJ, 487, L175

DISCOVERY OF A NEW CRAB-LIKE PULSAR IN THE LMC!:

73a) "ROSAT HRI Detection of the 16 ms Pular PSR J0537-6910 Inside SNR N157B," Wang, D. Q. & Gotthelf, E. V. 1998, ApJ, 509, L109
73b) "Discovery of an Ultra-fast X-ray Pulsar in the Supernova Remnant N157B," F. E. Marshall, E. V. Gotthelf, W. Zhang, J. Middleditch, & Q. D. Wang 1998, ApJ, ApJ, 499, L179
73c) "ROSAT AND ASCA Observations of the Crab-like Supernova Remnant N157B in the Large Magellanic Cloud," Wang, D. Q. & Gotthelf, E. V. 1998, ApJ, 494, 623

Kes 73 References

Baade, W. & Zwicky, F. 1934, Phys. Rev., 45, 138
Cline, T. L. 1982, ApJ, L255, 45
Duncan, R. C. & Thompson, C. 1996, ApJ, 473, 322
Gotthelf, E. V., Petre, R. & Hwang, U. 1997, ApJ, 487, L175
Gaensler, B. & Johnston, S. 1995, MNRAS, 277, 1243
Kulkarni, S. R., Frail, D. A. 1993,
Kaspi et al. 1996, AJ, 111, 2028
Lorimer, D. R., Lyne, A. G., & Camilo, F. 1998 AA, 331, 1002
Mereghetti, S. & Stella, L. 1995, ApJ, 442, L17
Shapiro & Teukolsky 1983, ``Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars'' (Wiley & Sons: NY), Chap. 10, 267
Thompson, C., & Duncan, R. C. 1993, ApJ, 408, 194
van Paradijs, J., Taam, R. E. & van den Heuvel, E. P. J. 1995, A&A, 299, L41
Vasisht, G. & Gotthelf, E. V. 1997, ApJ, 486, L129
Weiler, K. W. & Sramek, R. A. 1988, ARA&A, 26, 29

74a) A Comparison of X-ray and Radio Emission from the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A. Jonathan W. Keohane, et al.
74b) The broad-band X-ray spectrum of the Cas A supernova remnant as seen by the BeppoSAX observatory. F. Favata, et al.
74c) Hard X-ray Emission from Cassiopeia A SNR. L.-S. The, et al.
74d) High Ratio of 44Ti/56Ni in Cas A and Axisymmetric Collapse-Driven Supernova Explosion. S. Nagataki, et al.
74e) The Supernova Remnant Cas A at Millimeter Wavelengths. Melvyn Wright, et al.
74f) A comparison of the X-ray line and continuum morphology of Cassiopeia A. Jacco Vink, et al
74g) Titanium-44: Its Effective Decay Rate in Young Supernova Remnants, and its Abundance in Cas A. Y. Mochizuki, et al
74h) Search for >= 400 GeV gaThe hard X-ray and Ti-44 emission of Cas A. Jacco Vink, et al.
74i) MMA-rays from the SNR Cas A. P. Goret, et al
74j) Xrayastronomy.com, science news from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
74k) Chandra X-ray Observatory Center home page, with links to education, news, and technical pages.
74l) Chandra news from Marshall Space Flight Center
74m) Chandra Project Science is managed at NASA/Marshall, has links to individual instruments and the prime contractor.
74n) X-ray astrophysics branch at NASA/Marshall conducts a broad range of research and technology work, as well as supporting the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Information about GM Sgr's outburst from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with links to IAU circulars and Astronomer's Telegrams, and from the Variable Star Network at Kyoto University.
The activities of interacting binary stars is depicted by the Theoretical Astrophysics Program at North Carolina State University.

75a) Is the 2-in-1 burster a masquerade? Sept. 15, 1999. Pulsar acts a bit like a cheap clock
75b) Scientist finds 2-in-1 burster; March 25, 1998. Original story on Wilson-Hodge's discovery.
75c) Other news from the 5th Compton Symposium includes a new gamma-ray catalog of the universe and a method of weighing black holes.
75d) The 5th biennial Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium Oct. 19-22.
75e) Things that go bump in the night. Jan. 21, 1998. Team finds that pulsars get wound up - and down.
75f) Astronomers discover bursting pulsar. May 23, 1996.
75g) Return of the bursting pulsar - June 1996. NASA-/Goddard web page about GRO J1744-28; with links to 1.7MB AVI and 1.6MB Quicktime animation.
75h) The one-man band of astrophysics - Dec. 1, 1998. An unusual x-ray pulsar bursts, pulses, and puzzles astronomers.
75i) BATSE pulsar stories. Data on J1744-28 and other pulsars observed by BATSE.
75j) The Astrophysical Journal on-line.

76a) "Missing" Pulsars Within Exploded Stars Identified By Columbia, Caltech Astronomers
76b) Hubble Gives Scientists Their First Direct Visible-Light Glimpse Of A Neutron Star Alone In Space
76c) Fast-Spinning Pulsar Discovery Surprises Astronomers, Provides Evolutionary Link
76d) Discovery Of 'Cosmic Chords' May Support Prediction Of Einstein's Theory - April 20 1999
Color pictures available on the WWW at: http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/groups/tastro/movies/spm/
76e) Relativistic Effects Play Major Role In Neutron Star Mergers
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://www.admin.uiuc.edu/NB/99.07/astrophysicstip.html
76f) Scientists Say Neutron Star's Magnetic Field Is Most Powerful Yet Discovered In Universe - May confirm existence of 'Magnetars'
For more information on magnetars and this discovery, visit NASA Marshall's Space Sciences Laboratory website at:
-- http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/
76g) Hubble Gives Scientists Their First Direct Visible-Light Glimpse Of A Neutron Star Alone In Space -
A photo and caption are available via the World Wide Web at URLs:
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/97/32.html and via links in http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html or http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html. Images are available via the World Wide Web at http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/gif/nscra.gif (GIF), http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/jpeg/nscra.jpg (JPEG).

Image files also may be accessed via anonymous ftp from oposite.stsci.edu in /pubinfo: gif/nscra.gif (GIF) and jpeg/nscra.jpg (JPEG). Higher resolution digital versions (300 dpi JPEG) of the release photograph are available in /pubinfo/hrtemp: 97-32.jpg (color) and 97-32bw.jpg (black & white). Full resolution TIFF image is available in /pubinfo/tiff/1997/32.tif.
76h) X-Ray Structure In Supernova Remnants Linked To Age
Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://www.admin.uiuc.edu/NB/99.02/supernovaxraytip.html

76i) X-ray vision By Marcus Chown From New Scientist, 3 October 1998

76j) Milky Way's Halo Caused by Exploding Stars: NASA posted: 08:41 am EST 12 January 2000 Space.com

77a) Cosmic Flasher Reveals All

The VLA is an instrument of NSF's National Radio Astronomy Observatory operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

Editor's Note: The original news release can be found at http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/pr9858.htm

77b) 01/12/00 Organic Molecules in Space Found By PAUL RECER= AP Science Writer= ATLANTA (AP) 05:34 PM ET from Morning Coffee Edition for Thursday, January 13, 2000

From Black Holes: Theory and Conjecture

81a - OMNI, Feb 1979, Interview: Stephen Hawking, p. 49.
81b - Science News, April 7, 1979, Results of HEAO2, p. 229.
81c - UFO Report
81d - Introduction to Astronomy, Lives of Stars, p. 340.
81e - Physics 1&2, Halliday and Resnick, Appendix F.
81f - Hawking Interview
81g - Hawking Interview
81h - Hawking Interview
81i - Hawking Interview
81j - Physics 1&2, p. 10.
81k - Physics 1&2, Appendix G.
81l - Introduction to Astronomy, p. 340.
81m - Introduction to Astronomy, p. 340
81n - OMNI, March 1979, The Legacy of Einstein.
81o - Physics 1&2, Appendix F
81p - UFO Report
81q - Scientific American, Nov. 1978, Fusion Power by Particle Beams.
81r - Hawking Interview
81s - OMNI, March 1979, H.K. Bell, (Record Pressure) Continuum, p. 41.
81t - Physics, Appendix G.
81u - Hawking Interview.
81v - Results of HEAO2, p. 229.

82a) Clarke, Arthur C. Space Ships, OMNI, Feb. 1979, p. 76
82b) Eberhart, Jonathan and Dietrick Thomsen. Results from HEAO-2, Science News, April 7, 1979, p. 229
82c) Evans, Christopher. Interview: T.J. Good, OMNI, Jan. 1979, p. 71
82d) Foreward, Robert L. Einsteins Legacy, OMNI, March 1979, p. 44
82e) Goodbye Gravity, OMNI, Jan. 1979
82f) Fuller, Buckminster. Worlds Beyond, OMNI, Jan. 1979, p. 102
82g) Heiles, Carl. The Structure of the Interstellar Medium, Scientific American, Jan. 1978, p. 74
82h) Hoyle, Sir Fred, and Chandra Wickramasinghe. Life Cloud
82i) Overby, Dennis. Interview: The Wizard of Space and Time - Stephen Hawking, OMNI, Feb. 1979, p. 45
82j) Priest, Christopher. Static Gravity, OMNI, April 1979, p. 76
82k) Speigel, E. Lee. First Encounter, April 1979, p. 52
82l) Yonas, Gerold. Fusion Power with Particle Beams, Scientific American, Nov. 1978
83a) Title: An L-Type Substellar Object in Orion: Reaching the Mass Boundary between Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets
Authors: ZAPATERO OSORIO, M. R.; BÉJAR, V. J. S.; REBOLO, R.; MARTÍN, E. L.; BASRI, G

83b) Title: The accretion of brown dwarfs and planets by giant stars - II. Solar-mass stars on the red giant branch
Authors: SIESS, LIONEL; LIVIO, MARIO

83c) Title: Newly Discovered Brown Dwarfs Not Seen in Microlensing Timescale Frequency Distribution?
Authors: PEALE, S. J

83d) Title: A Search for Photometric Rotation Periods in Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades
Authors: TERNDRUP, DONALD M.; KRISHNAMURTHI, ANITA; PINSONNEAULT, MARC H.; STAUFFER, JOHN R.

83e) Title: The Complex Protostellar Source IRAS 04325+2402
Authors: HARTMANN, LEE; CALVET, NURIA; ALLEN, LORI; CHEN, HUA; JAYAWARDHANA, RAY

83f) Title: HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Observations of Galactic Globular Cluster Cores. II. NGC 6273 and the Problem of Horizontal-Branch Gaps
Authors: PIOTTO, G.; ZOCCALI, M.; KING, I. R.; DJORGOVSKI, S. G.; SOSIN, C.; RICH, R. M.; MEYLAN, G.

83g) Title: APMPM J0559-2903: The coolest extreme subdwarf known
Authors: SCHWEITZER, A.; SCHOLZ, R. -D.; STAUFFER, J.; IRWIN, M.; MCCAUGHREAN, M. J.

83h) Title: Extrasolar Giant Planets: Masses and Luminosities from In-situ Formation Theories
Authors: WUCHTERL, G.

83i) Title: Underabundance of NH_3 in the brown dwarf Gliese 229B
Authors: SAUMON, D.; GEBALLE, T. R.; LEGGETT, S. K.; MARLEY, M. S.; FREEDMAN, R. S.; SENGUPTA, S. K.; KALININ, Y. V.

83j) Title: The Chemistry and Dynamics of a Brown Dwarf's Atmosphere
Authors: GRIFFITH, C. A.; YELLE, R. V

83k) Title: Infrared Search for Wide Methane Companions of Nearby M Dwarfs
Authors: VEEDER, G. J.; JARRETT, T. H.

83l) Title: Statistics of Low-Mass Companions to Stars: Implicatons for Their Origin
Authors: BLACK, D. C.; STEPINSKI, T. F.

83m) Title: Planetesimal Dynamics in a Protoplanetary Disk Perturbed by Massive Companions
Authors: KORTENKAMP, S. J.; WETHERILL, G. W.

83n) Title: A Prediction of Brown Dwarfs in Ultracold Molecular Gas
Authors: ELMEGREEN, BRUCE G.

83o) Title: Discovery of Four Field Methane (T-Type) Dwarfs with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey
Authors: BURGASSER, ADAM J.; KIRKPATRICK, J. DAVY; BROWN, MICHAEL E.; REID, I. NEILL; GIZIS, JOHN E.; DAHN, CONARD C.; MONET, DAVID G.; BEICHMAN, CHARLES A.; LIEBERT, JAMES; CUTRI, ROC M.; SKRUTSKIE, MICHAEL F.

83p) Title: Discovery of a faint field methane brown dwarf from ES0 NTT and VLT observations
Authors: CUBY, J. G.; SARACCO, P.; MOORWOOD, A. F. M; D'ODORICO, S.; LIDMAN, C.; COMERÓN, F.; SPYROMILIO, J.

83q) Title: The abundance of brown dwarfs
Authors: BINNEY, JAMES

83r) Title: Properties of Hypothetic Planetary Systems Around The Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B
Authors: DESIDERA, SILVANO

83s) Title: On The Nature Of Sub-stellar Mass Companions To Solar-Like Stars
Authors: HEACOX, WILLIAM

83t) Title: A Search for Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Young sigma Orionis Cluster
Authors: BÉJAR, V. J. S.; OSORIO, M. R. ZAPATERO; REBOLO, R

83u) Title:L Dwarfs and the Substellar Mass Function
Authors: REID, I. NEILL; KIRKPATRICK, J. DAVY; LIEBERT, J.; BURROWS, A.; GIZIS, J. E.; BURGASSER, A.; DAHN, C. C.; MONET, D.; CUTRI, R.; BEICHMAN, C. A.; SKRUTSKIE, M.

84a) Title: A Time-Series IUE Archival Study of the White Dwarf in the Ultrashort-Period Dwarf Nova WZ Sagittae
Authors: SLEVINSKY, R. J.; STYS, D.; WEST, S.; SION, E. M.; CHENG, F. H

84b) Title: Cygnus X-2, super-Eddington mass transfer, and pulsar binaries
Authors: KING, A. R.; RITTER, H.

84c) Title: The fate of CO white dwarfs that experience slow deflagrations
Authors: BRAVO, E.; DOMÍNGUEZ, I.; ISERN, J.

84d) Title: Magnetically Driven Warping, Precession, and Resonances in Accretion Disks
Authors: LAI, DONG

Catalog of Novae and Supernovae from 1835 to Present (sn_cat.txt)
Courtesy of Oleg Bartunov and his colleagues at

Russian Foundation for Basic Research