Now featuring the incomparable visualizations of ADOLF SCHALLER !

Supernovae, Pulsars, and Catastrophic Variables

By
Richard K. Clingempeel

(Yes - Even at this date we are STILL UNDER DEVELOPMENT !)
   
               
  -

-

T

A

B

L

E

-

O

F

-

C

O

N

T

E

N

T

S

-

-

      - Stellar Evolution -
The Birth of a Star
- How are Stars Born ?
- Where are They Found ?
- How are They Classified ?
- Life in the Main Sequence
 
- Stellar Evolution -
The Death of a Star
- Brown Dwarfs
- White Dwarfs
- Neutron Stars
- Novae
- Supernovae
 
- Stellar Evolution -
Rebirth
- Catastrophic Variables
- Pulsars
- Magnetars
- Soft Gamma Repeaters
- Gamma Ray Bursts
- Other X-Ray Sources
- Black Holes
 
- Freedom of Thought
- Hypotheses
- Empirical Evidence
- Conclusions
 
- Review of Astrophysics
- Bibliography
- General Index
- Image Index
- Observatories
- Special Thanks
 
- Lists
- Catastrophic Variables
- Dwarf Novae
- Novae
- Supernovae ( >1885 )
- Most RECENT GRBs
 
- Spectrographic Analysis
Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Infared Wavelengths
- Visible Wavelengths
- Ultraviolet Wavelengths
- X-Ray Wavelengths
- Radio Wavelengths
- Microwave Wavelengths
- Spectrographic Analysis
Other "Waves"
- Cosmic Rays
- Neutrinos
 
- Other Documents / Sites
- TASS Information Page
- TASS VS-2000
- OERLiCon Technology
- Solar Views
- Just for Kicks
- Other Accessories
- Personalize this site !
- Registration Form
- Astrophysics Data Service
- Search Engines
- BATSE Trigger Site
 
- Slide Shows
- Solar Brothers
- Universal Brothers
- NASA X-Aircraft
- Military Rockets
- NASA/LaRC Hyper-X
- The Final Frontier
     

HST Public Relations images

Information Page

Cassiopea A* courtesy VLA

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Over the last two decades, mankind has seen a factorial growth in our capability to "see" what is going on in our universe. Thanks largely in part to orbiting astronomical platforms such as HEAO, BATSE, HST, BeppoSAX, XRTE, ASCA, CGRO, and now the Chandra X-Ray observatory, we can see further and with much greater resolution than ever before. It is, in retrospect, a sad commentary on the political and social environment of the 1960s and 1970s that these indispensable observatories were not in place sooner. It is hoped by many that the latest continuum of politicians will see and understand what maintaining a presence in space has meant - and will continue to mean - to us all.

This paper covers some of the most exciting events in astronomy that man has ever observed. Although discovered by spy sattelites in the 1960s, Gamma Ray Bursts from without our galaxy have enthralled astrophysicists worldwide. Not to be outdone, Novae and Supernovae have also been acting up. We have seen type-I supernovae that act like type-II, and vice-versa. The Pistol Star Supernova has recently been imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope, among others, and it was discovered that it emitted energy equal to the total output of the known universe. Confirmation of the existence of Black Holes of sizes that are thought to range from the microscopic to the supermassive, Cannabalistic Neutron Stars, Binary Pulsars, Magnetars, Collapsars - all discoveries made within the last twenty years, thanks to the aforementioned space-based astronomical platforms.

Although broad in scope, it is the purpose of this document to cover as many known stellar events as possible, and the principal theories concerning their evolution. This means it WILL be lengthy, but never boring. There is quite a bit of material included in this treatise - information about some of the most fascinating occurrences of any millenium. Photographs of stars on the edge - of birth, life, and death. What comes after the death of a star ? Does it just fade away, never to be seen again, or is there a chance of reincarnation ? The metaphorical meaning of this information will cause secular and religious members of our race to stop and think of what the answer to that question means to them, personally, for a long time. The real meaning of the answer will keep astronomers and astrophysicists studying and writing the results of that studying for a much longer period. These are, indeed, "interesting times."

When we discuss reverse shock waves rebounding into the iron core of a giant type-O star - then compressing that iron to the point that electron pressure is no longer sufficient to hold protons, neutrons, and electrons apart, the author hopes that the reader can envision a huge blue star with a bright outer shell of gas and detrius wavering before their eyes, at once bright with emissions of every wavelength, then dimming and disappearing before their very eyes. When I speak of a pair of stars in a cannibalistic orbit around each other, I hope to convey the symbolic correlary between nature as it occurs on earth, and the nature of the universe - and the knowledge that this phenomena is necessary for our universe to continue.

The real wonders of the universe will be discussed here, and the author plans to convey the awesome and majestic nature of these events to the reader - along with a great deal of knowledge about the evolution of these phenomena...mankind didn't first look up because s/he had an advanced optical device sitting in front of them - s/he looked up because it was beautiful. Although technical, this is astronomy as it was in the beginning, and as it always will be, driven by the most curious of creatures - us.

 

Aerospace Glossary :

Aerospace Abbreviations
 
                   
 
 
Please Note:

If you have questions regarding the information contained in this site, please do not hesitate to ask. If I do not know the answer, I will seek out the most knowledgeable source and ask them the answer to your question. I will create a Q&A web page and disseminate the information in that manner - That way we all learn !

We need your financial support to cover the costs of research, data collation, and the printing of material related to the development of this website. If you can help out with a tax deductible donation, please email us!

I am proud to announce that SchoolsNet has chosen this site
to be included in their outstanding Websites Guide.

All sites are
KID SAFE !
Images Courtesy
Supernova Network
David Bishop maintains what is perhaps the premier Supernovae web site on this planet -
     
MISAO / VSNet ALSO Providing info: STScI
     

     

Digitized Sky Survey
IRAS HCON Access
CGPS Archive
GSC Catalogue
   
RECENT Gamma Ray Bursts
(CLICK HERE to see more !)
   
  Last Updated:  
 

 
  Images and Photos Courtesy
NASA / HST / UFP / ESO
 
     
"We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is the one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intended to win, and the others, too."

John F. Kennedy - said this in a speech to all Americans just after John Glenn returned from the first ORBITAL flight of an American spacecraft and pilot.

    SpaceRef Calendar Space Shuttle Mission Guides  
   
PhysLINK.com ALL the Aerospace News ! Space Careers
   
  Universe Today - Space news from around the Internet, updated every weekday.  
 
The Astronomical Webring

SOHO Image

This Astronomical Webring site owned by Richard K. Clingempeel.
Want to join the ring? Click
here!

Neutron Star

[ Previous | Next | Skip Next | Random Site | List Sites ]
To the COSMOS Astronomical Webring Home Page

This Cosmos Astronomical Webring
is owned by
Advanced Innovative Interdisciplinary Research.
|
Previous 5 Sites | Skip Previous | Previous |
|
Next | Skip Next | Next 5 Sites | Random Site | List Sites |
Want to join the ring? Get the
Information Here !